The Following Article Supplied By: Nathan Wood
NOTE:
A word of caution: I reccommend
that you carefully consider the material presented below, using discernment
wherever opinion or undocumented claims may occur. I do not condone or
agree with any brother in Christ who stands in judgement of or corrects
the Holy Bible. Any criticisms, corrections, or suggested
improvements of the KJV (AV 1611) are the
author's. Please disregard any and all 'changes', 'corrections', 'criticisms',
and so-called 'impovements'.
Webauthor's Foreword
It is vital that the reader understand the I do NOT intend this
article to be an attack on denominations or those who are within them.
Many souls have been saved by God through the testimony of those among
these groups. However, it is still important to note that the idea of denominations
is foreign and , in fact, contrary to what the Bible teaches us about unity
in the Body of Christ. --NTW
INDEPENDENT AND UNDENOMINATIONAL
Excerpt from Assembly Distinctives
By H.G. Mackay
As those who seek to follow the New Testament pattern for the Church, the
assemblies have adopted the position of being Independent and Undenominational.
This is one of their distinctive features. Just what is meant by these
two terms?
INDEPENDENT
When we describe the assemblies as being Independent, we are referring
to the fact that they hold firmly to the autonomy of the local assembly.
To be autonomous is to be self-governing, and this is believed to be the
teaching of the New Testament. Each local assembly is governed solely by
the elders in the congregation, and is in no way subject to outside legislation
or leadership. There is nothing in Scripture to warrant the development
of a religious hierarchy of ecclesiastical officials with supervisory authority
over a union of churches. Popes, cardinals, archbishops, presidents, or
district superintendents are quite unknown to the New Testament. And the
bishop of today's Christendom is far removed from the simple bishop of
the first century church. In the apostolic church there was a plurality
of bishops in one local assembly, rather than one bishop over a plurality
of churches as today, Phil. 1.1. The New Testament pattern clearly indicates
that the guidance and government of the local assembly is to be in the
hands of a plurality of elders. When Paul, en route to Jerusalem, stopped
at Miletus, he sent to Ephesus and called for the elders of the assembly
there, Acts 20.17. When these elders arrived, he addressed them as "overseers,"
v.28. The word here for "elders" is presbuteros, translated "presbytery"
in 1 Timothy 4.14. The word for "overseers" is episkopos, translated
"bishops" in Philippians 1.1. Thus, in the early church the elder was an
overseer, a presbyter, a bishop. And, as we have already noted, there was
a plurality of these in the local assembly. Not only so, but they were
to "feed" the church of God. This is poimainein, "to feed as a shepherd,"
and is the verb form of the word "pastors in Ephesians 4.14 and "shepherd"
in Hebrews 13.20. These, then, were the spiritual guides of the autonomous
local assembly.
Based upon these facts, the assemblies reject all outside interference
with the internal affairs of the local assembly. The Scriptures are relied
upon to provide all necessary instruction on matters of doctrine and practice,
and are accepted as being absolutely authoritative.
The absence in the New Testament record of any church officials with
jurisdictional authority extending beyond the local assembly militates
against the notion of an organizational union of churches. And the fact
that the Apostle Paul always employs the plural form
churches" in referring to a number of assemblies in a given area emphasizes
the independent character of each local assembly, cf.: churches of Galatia,"
1 Cor. 16.1; "of Asia," 1 Cor. 16.19; "of Macedonia " 2 Cor. 8.1; "of Judaea,"
Gal. 1.22.
In the opening vision granted to the Apostle John on the Isle of Patmos
the autonomous nature of the churches is illustrated and exemplified. In
Revelation 1-3 we have the vision and the letters to the churches recorded.
The vision has already been considered in chapter 2 in its relation to
the subject of the Lord in the midst. These further thoughts are worthy
of careful consideration:
-
It was "the seven churches which are in Asia," 1.11 ,that were seen, not
"the Church of Asia."
-
They were represented by seven golden lamp stands, undoubtedly signifying
the churches in testimony in the world, and in responsibility before God.
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There were seven lamp stands, each representing a local church, not a seven-branched
candelabrum as in the Tabernacle, Ex. 25.31-40.
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There was an "angel" for each church 1.16,20; 2.1, etc. but none for all
the churches.
-
Each church was individually addressed, commended, censured, and counselled,.chps.
2-3, and none was held accountable for the actions or condition of any
of the others. It was clearly a local matter with each one, and no general
instructions were given.
It seems clear from a study of the pertinent passages of Scripture that
the link between the churches of the first century was not one of organizational
union, such as exists today in the various denominations, but rather a
spiritual affinity based on the possession of a common salvation, Jude
3 the acknowledgement of one Lord, Eph. 4.5, the indwelling of the Holy
Spirit, 1 Cor. 12.7-13, the instructions of the inspired Scriptures, and
the sharing of one purpose-the proclamation of the gospel and the disseminating
of the truth of God, 1 Th. 1.8; Phil. 2.15-16.
This link of spiritual fellowship expressed itself in a practical way
in:
-
The receiving of all those whom Christ had received, Rom. 15.7.
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The acceptance and support of gifted servants of Christ, 1 Cor. 16.9-12;
2 Cor. 11.8,9; Phil. 4.15,16; 3 John 5-8.
-
Letters of commendation for travelling Christians unknown at their destination,
Rom. 16.1,2; 2 Cor. 3.1.
-
Financial assistance to the needy in other assemblies Rom. 15.25-27; 2
Cor. 8.1-4; 9.1,2.
No attempt is being made to suggest that the effort to follow the New Testament
pattern by the assemblies has been perfect. It has not. The formation of
the universal church, the Body of Christ, is strictly a divine work and
therefore perfect. Christ has declared, "I will build My church." The formation
of a local assembly is a human work (albeit empowered by the Spirit), and
is therefore imperfect. Paul wrote to the Corinthians,
I have laid the foundation and another buildeth thereupon . . . but
let every man take heed how he buildeth . . . gold, silver, precious stones,
wood, hay, stubble . . . the fire shall try every man's work of what sort
it is. 1 Cor. 3.10-17.
While these words undoubtedly have a wide application to the works of all
believers, their primary interpretation has to do with the building of
a local church, as at Corinth.
Good and godly men have, in the past, erred in making the precious truth
of the One Body the ground of gathering, rather than the Name and Person
of the Lord Jesus Christ. This has resulted in the formation of circles
of assemblies, exclusive in nature, with a measure of centralized jurisdiction;
and this, in turn, has led to the exclusion of true believers and scripturally
gathered assemblies. This is regrettable, as it has resulted in the attaching
of honored names to parties in these Exclusive assemblies, in spite of
Paul's denunciation of such practices as being a sign of carnality and
spiritual infancy.
And I, brethren, could not speak unto you as unto spiritual, but as
unto carnal, even as unto babes in Christ . . . For ye are yet carnal .
. . For while one saith, I am of Paul, and another, I am of Apollos, are
ye not carnal and walk as men? 1 Cor. 3.1-4.
Now this I say, that every one of you saith, I am of Paul, and I of
Apollos; and I of Cephas; and I of Christ. Is Christ divided? was Paul
crucified for you? or were ye baptized in the name of Paul? 1 Cor. 1.12,13.
But these examples of human failure in practice do not furnish a valid
excuse for abandoning divine principles.
There are also some very fine groups of believers who have adopted an independent
position and who recognize the autonomy of the local church, but who retain
a denominational name and many of the practices associated with that name.
But the assemblies are not only independent, they are also
UNDENOMINATIONAL
One of the outstanding features of a denomination is a distinguishing name,
and when such a name is retained, even in an independent position, that
church cannot be said to be undenominational. But the assemblies reject
all divisive names, even though such are often given to them against their
wishes. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language defines
a denomination as:
-
A name or designation, especially one of a class of things.
-
A class or kind of things or persons distinguished by a specific name .
-
A religious group usually including many local churches, often larger than
a sect.
Let us consider a denomination in the sense of the third definition above.
It will have four outstanding characteristics:
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A distinguishing name.
-
A union of several local churches.
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A human leader or head.
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An earthly center or headquarters.
By none of these tests can the assemblies be declared a denomination. It
has already been pointed out that all distinguishing names are rejected
by the great majority of Christians in fellowship in local assemblies.
"Brethren," "Plymouth Brethren," "Exclusive Brethren, " "Open Brethren,"
etc. are all names applied to the assemblies, but not accepted by
them.
Any suggested organizational union between local assemblies has also
been shown to be unacceptable.
There is no place on earth that is recognized as a central headquarters.
No individual, past or present, has ever been recognized as the human
head of the assemblies.
Because these things are common practices in the church world, and are
taken for granted by the majority in Christendom, there needs to be constant
vigilance lest they creep in unnoticed. Because the principles and practices
of the assemblies are unpopular and are costly to follow, there needs to
be continued instruction in them that successive generations of believers
may continue to maintain the scriptural pattern . The tragic history of
Israel may well serve as a warning. In Judges 2 we read:
And the people served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the
days of the elders that outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great works
of the Lord that He did for Israel. And Joshua the son of Nun, the servant
of the Lord, died . . . And also all that generation were gathered unto
their fathers: and there arose another generation of them, which knew not
the Lord, nor yet the works which He had done for Israel. And the children
of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord . . . ,2.7-11.
In the new seventh edition of Mead's Handbook of Denominations in the
United States, PLYMOUTH BRETHREN are listed among the denominations
on pp. 65-67. The opening paragraphs of the article read as follows:
Restless under the close connection of church and state in 19th century
England and Ireland and opposing the stereo-typed forms of worship in the
Established Church, groups of Brethren began to meet for quiet fellowship
and prayer. They had no connection, in the beginning, with the Brethren
sects in Germany but took their name from the Scriptures; at one time or
another they were also called Christians, Believers, or Saints. The largest
meeting was held at Plymouth, England-hence the name Plymouth Brethren.
These Plymouth Brethren set up their meetings on strictly New Testament
lines. They recognized no division of clergy and laity, inasmuch as they
held that they were a "priesthood of believers." They put strong emphasis
upon the imminent rapture of the church-to be expected momentarily-insisted
upon the full deity and real humanity of Jesus, and denied fellowship to
all who were not "fundamentally sound as to doctrine and godly in walk."
Apart from the designation of "Plymouth Brethren," and the insistence on
capitalizing "Brethren," these words are quite fair and accurate.
The reference in the above quotation to "the Brethren sects in Germany"
raises the question which should be faced, "Are the assemblies a sect?"
Elmer T. Clark certainly thinks so, for in his book, The Small Sects
in America, he includes them in a chapter titled, "Legalistic and Objectivist
Sects," pp. 181-184. The chapter title is quite intriguing, and he explains
the term "objectivist" in these words:
Among Christians the "objectivist" type of mind demands something tangible
as a medium through which to approach God, and this is found in acts which
have a scriptural basis.
This is interesting, if not enlightening!!! Searching through the examples
that are enumerated, the only thing that can be remotely connected with
the so-called Plymouth Brethren, is to be found in the words "another covers
the heads of women." Just how this constitutes believers as "objectivists"
and therefore a sect is not made clear. One is not, therefore, surprised
to find the article on "Plymouth Brethren" in the above publication inadequately
researched and inaccurately reported.
WHAT IS MEANT BY A SECT?
The word is found in the English Bible (KJV) five times, Acts 5.17; 15.5;
24.5; 26.5; 28.22, and is the translation of a Greek word found elsewhere
four times, Acts 24.14; 1 Cor. 11.19; Gal. 5.20; 2 Pet. 2.1, where it is
translated "heresy" (literally the Anglicized form of the Greek word) .
It is instructive to note that in three of the instances in which the term
"sect" occurs it refers to the two main parties in Judaism-Pharisees and
Sadducees, Acts 5.17; 15.5; 26.5, In two others it is applied to Christians
by their adversaries, 24.5; 28.22. When Paul uses it in relation to believers
he is careful to say, "the way which they call a sect," 24.14.
To be called by others a sect, 24.14, and that sect to be everywhere
spoken against, 28.22, nowise provides valid evidence that those thus referred
to are, in fact, a sect.
In modern English usage the word "sect" is often employed as a synonym
for "denomination," usually of one of the smaller ones. Sometimes it is
applied to heretical groups, possibly through the influence of the Greek
word, hairesis, cf. Acts 24.14.
The preceding refutation of the charge that assemblies who meet in the
Lord's Name alone are a denomination applies with equal validity to the
charge that they are a sect. However, to adopt an unsectarian position
is not enough, there must be constant vigilance to maintain an unsectarian
condition. The heart must be filled with love for all God's people, even
while the feet walk a narrow path of scriptural separation. This is not
an easy task. To retain a large heart of Christian love for all members
of the Body of Christ without compromising the truth of God, or condoning
unscriptural principles and practices, requires spiritual discernment,
prayerful dependence on God, and a close walk with the Lord. May God grant
this to all those who seek to order their ways according to His Word!
Those who uphold denominationalism maintain that the New Testament presents
only the embryonic state of the church and that, like any other infant,
it was intended to grow, and with growth there would come, of necessity,
changes in form and appearance. Enlargement, they claim, would require
organization, and organization would demand leadership, and leaders would
need to exercise authority to function effectively.
Others see the various denominations as regiments in an army, each with
its regimental name, insignia and officers, but all loyal to one commander-in-chief.
Still others speak of the denominational names as the various "brand names"
of Christianity, and speak rather condescendingly of those not connected
with the major denominations as "off-brands."
This rationalizing may appeal to the carnal mind, but it fails to pass
the test of Scripture. The regimental idea falls under the weight of its
own inappropriateness . No regiment dare to be formed without the express
command or explicit permission of the commander-in-chief. Otherwise it
is disloyalty or rebellion. Does Scripture anywhere contain the command
or permission of our divine Captain to divide His church? Is not this condemned,
and the reverse commanded? As for brand names, Paul denounced the use of
his name for any such purpose, 1 Cor. 1.10-13, and gloried in the fact
that his brand mark was the "stigmata" of the Lord Jesus, Gal. 6.17.
There has been, and will be, growth in the church, Acts 2.47; 5.14;
11.24. Scripture warrants addition, but not alteration. Progress must be
according to the pattern, and within the guidelines laid down in the Word
of God. No Scriptural principles must be violated, nor basic truths departed
from. The introduction of wood, hay, and stubble may increase the size
of the structure , but the testing fire will reduce it to reality, 1 Cor.
3.10-17. The One with eyes as a flame of fire, Rev. 1.14; 2.18, will search
out all that is contrary to His will and Word.
Each assembly of which I write is an autonomous local church, independent
and undenominational, seeking in a collective manner to acknowledge the
Lordship of Christ. This is one of their DISTINCTIVES.